Biology · Biomolecules
These are sugars or carbohydrates made up of only one sugar subunit. There exist a large number of monosaccharides but the most common are the three hexoses: glucose, fructose and galactose.
Monosaccharides are classified according to the type of carbonyl group they carry and the number of carbons they are made from.
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Biology · Genetics
A mutation is any natural or induced change in the genetic make-up of an organism. It could be further defines as, the changes in the amount, arrangement or structure of the DNA of an organism.
There exist generally 2 types of mutation according the cell which is mutating: germ cell mutation and somatic mutation. There also exist 2 others for how the mutation is taking place: gene mutation and chromosomal mutation. No matter be the case, the bottom line is the fact that, any change in the genetic make-up of an organism is a mutation.
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Physics · Scientific method
An observation is a careful examination of events or objects around us.
In an experiment, an observation can be defined as any noticeable occurence in the course of the experiment. Observations in an experiment are very important as they are the bed rock of hypothesis, laws and theories.
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Biology · Cytology
These are tiny structures within the cell that perform specific functions within the cell.
For example:
Mitochondria is the site for production of energy in eukaryotic cells
Ribosomes are the site for protein synthesis.
The golgi apparatus is responsible for transport.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for production of lipids etc.
Check out our cytology notes for more.
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Biology · Nutrition
This is the branch of biology that studies parasites.
Etymologically, parasitology can be split into 'parasit" which of course stands for parasite and "logy" for science or study. Parasitology is therefore the science of parasites.
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Chemistry · Patterns in chemistry
The periodic table is a table of chemical elements arranged in order of periodicity in vertical groups and horizontal periods.
The modern periodic table was founded by Dimitri Mendeleev. He succeded in this after many have tried like Döbereiner and John Newlands.
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Physics · Introduction to Physics
Physics is the study of matter and energy in all their forms. This means there is a close relationship between physics and chemistry. The difference is in the fact that, chemistry studies the constituents of matter while physics studies the behaviour of matter vis a vis certain conditions.
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Biology · Introduction to Biology
Physiology is the branch of biology that studies the functions and functioning of the parts of organisms and the organism as a whole. Physiology generally comes to complkete anatomy. Naturally, it is fairly impossible to study physiology without getting at least a good base in anatomy.
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Biology · Cytology
The progenoate is said to be the very first cell to have existed or appeared. This completes the cell theory that cells come from other cells.
The progenoate is said to have existed about 3.5 billion years ago while the first unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes appeared about 1.4 and 0.7 billion years ago respectively.
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Biology · Cytology
Protoplasma also know as protoplasm is the colourless material comprising the living part of a cell. It is this composed of the cytoplasm, nucleus and other cell organelles.
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Biology · Genetic engineering
This is a piece of DNA that has been produced artificially in the laboratory. It could comprise of one artificial and one natural strand of DNA or probably both strands being artificial.
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Biology · Genetic engineering
These are enzymes used in genetic engineering to cleave/cut DNA into small, shorter and simpler units.
Read more → about Restriction enzymes
Biology · Introduction to biology
This is a prifession resulting from the study of biology principally where an individual operates on an individual by surgical (tearing open) means.
It is a specialty in the field of medicine. Professionals in surgery are called Surgeons.
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Biology · Introduction to biology, Cytology
Virology is the branch of biology that studies viruses.
By etymology, virology can be split into "viro" for viruses and "logy" for study or science. Hence virology is the science of viruses.
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Biology · Introduction to biology
Zoology is that branch of biology that studies animals only.
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